How to Properly Maintain Bearings

Every rotating part of a bicycle relies on bearings. Once these bearings wear and deform, the overall performance of the bicycle decreases, and they can even seize up, causing more serious consequences. Repairing them is also costly and labor-intensive. Although bearings are consumable parts, improper operation can still significantly accelerate their wear. Today, we'll systematically discuss how to properly use and maintain bearings to extend their lifespan, make your bicycle run smoother, and save you unnecessary repair expenses.

So, what behaviors are most likely to damage bearings during daily use and maintenance?

Improper Preload: Too Loose or Too Tight is Problematic

Inaccurate preload setting is a common cause of premature bearing failure. Too low a preload will cause parts to loosen, creating play and preventing the bearing from aligning properly, thus accelerating wear; while too high a preload will increase rolling resistance, making the bearing run poorly and accelerating fatigue.

For example, the preload screw on the crankset is not used to lock the crank, but to eliminate axial clearance. Normally, tightening by hand is sufficient, or use a torque wrench to tighten according to the specified torque.

Similarly, the top cap screws on the head tube also serve a pre-tightening function and should be installed to the standard torque value—too loose will cause the fork to wobble, while too tight will hinder steering; both will damage the headset bearings.

Water and Dust Intrusion: The Bearing's "Invisible Killer"

Once dust and moisture enter the bearing, they mix with the grease to form abrasive sludge, accelerating the wear of the bearing's internal raceways and balls. Simultaneously, moisture can cause the grease to emulsify and deteriorate, rendering it ineffective at lubrication.

It is particularly important to note that using a high-pressure water gun to directly wash the vehicle can easily force water mist and impurities into the bearing, which should be sealed. This is especially true for bicycles that have just been ridden on muddy roads. Therefore, cleaning bicycles is recommended to primarily use normal-pressure running water with a soft cloth for wiping, avoiding direct impact on the bearing mounting area.

Furthermore, never use strong solvent-based cleaners like WD-40 around the bearings, as they will wash away the effective lubricant and cause irreversible damage.

Using the Wrong Tools: Potential Risks During Installation

Using non-specialized tools when disassembling or installing bearing parts can easily lead to damage. For example, when installing a press-fit bottom bracket, a special press-fit tool must be used to ensure the bottom bracket is inserted smoothly and vertically into the bottom bracket. Forcibly hammering or tilting it in can not only deform the bearing housing but may also affect its rotational accuracy and lifespan.

Improper Maintenance: Ignoring Cycles and Common Operational Mistakes

Bearings require regular cleaning and lubrication. A full maintenance is generally recommended every six months, especially during seasonal changes. If the bearing runs smoothly, frequent disassembly is unnecessary to avoid damaging the sealing structure. For complex components or parts requiring press-fit tools (such as bottom brackets, headsets, etc.), if you lack professional tools and disassembly/reassembly experience, it is recommended to leave the problem to a professional auto repair shop to avoid unnecessary damage due to improper operation.

Ultimately, bearing maintenance isn't about complicated science, but rather about attention to detail. Precise pre-tightening, proper cleaning, and professional upkeep—these seemingly small habits are undoubtedly the most rewarding investment every rider can make in their bike—not only saving you money but also extending the pure joy of riding for a long time.